Also known as al-Jawad; ninth Twelver Imam
Family and succession
Muhammad al-Jawad was the son of Ali al-Ridha. Twelver tradition recognizes him as the ninth Imam and understands his assumption of the imamate while young through its teaching about divinely granted guidance.
Life under the Abbasids
The Twelver account published by I.M.A.M. describes his association with both Madinah and Baghdad, his marriage into al-Ma‘mun’s family and later pressure during al-Mu‘tasim’s rule.
Death and remembrance
His life is dated 811–835 CE in that account. His grave is at al-Kazimayn in Baghdad, near Musa al-Kazim. Reports of poisoning belong to the devotional-historical tradition and are presented as such. The titles al-Jawad and al-Taqi are commonly associated with his remembrance.
Sources and further study
I.M.A.M. — Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (Twelver institutional account)
An introductory, source-attributed profile. Dates and disputed reports are qualified where necessary. The linked works represent their authors’ historical or religious approaches; linking a source does not endorse every interpretation it contains.